High School Grammar Series

The Present Perfect
Tense

It connects the past to the present. It's not about when it happened, but that it happened.

The Bridge Concept

Imagine a bridge. One side is the Past. The other side is the Present. The Present Perfect is that bridge. The action started in the past, but it is important now.

Past

"I have lost my keys."

(Meaning: I don't have them NOW)

Present

The Formula

Subject + Auxiliary (Have/Has) + Past Participle (V3)

I have eaten.
Subject + Have + V3
Dynamic Builder

When do we use it?

Hover over the cards to reveal the explanation and examples.

Life Experience

The "Ever/Never" Zone

Usage

Talking about things you have done in your life, without saying when.

"I have visited Paris."

"She has never eaten sushi."

Recent Completed Action

Just / Already / Yet

Usage

Actions finished very recently that have an effect now.

"I have just finished my homework."

"He has already left."

Unfinished Time

For / Since

Usage

Action started in the past and continues to the present.

"We have lived here for 10 years."

"She has known him since 2015."

Present Result

Change is visible now

Usage

Something happened in the past, and the result is important right now.

"I have lost my keys."

I can't open the door now.

Multiple Actions

Repeated times

Usage

To say that an action has happened several times up to now.

"I have watched this movie three times."

Been vs. Gone

Crucial Distinction

Gone

Left, has not returned.

"He has gone to Spain."

Been

Went and returned.

"He has been to Spain."

The Battle: For vs. Since

Since

A specific point in time

  • Since yesterday
  • Since 2010
  • Since I was born
  • Since 9:00 AM

For

A duration of time

  • For 3 hours
  • For 10 years
  • For a long time
  • For ages

Interactive Check

Click the button that matches the time expression.

"____ last week"

Past Simple vs Present Perfect

Past Simple

Use this when you know exactly WHEN it happened. The time is finished.

"I visited Paris in 2010."

Details: 2010 is finished.

"She lost her keys yesterday."

Details: Yesterday is over. Maybe she found them?

Present Perfect

Use this when the time is NOT important or not finished.

"I have visited Paris."

Details: Sometime in my life. The date doesn't matter.

"She has lost her keys."

Details: She still doesn't have them.

Irregular Verbs (V3)

Base (V1) Past Simple (V2) Past Participle (V3)